Ornamentation: A Question and Answer Manual

• Chapter 1 -- Answering Your Questions about Ornamentation
• What is ornamentation?
• When did the practice of ornamenting melody begin?
• Why does this book begin with the Baroque era?
• When did the Baroque era begin?
• What is an ornament?
• How does an ornament make music more expressive?
• How is an ornament written?
• What is the most basic ornament?
• How is the long appoggiatura written?
• How is the long appoggiatura performed?
• What are the other most common ornaments and how are they constructed?
• How has the trill been treated differently?
• What was the effect of having trills begin in two different ways?
• Is there a fundamental principle to follow in realizing an ornament?
• Is it necessary to understand the interrelationships of art, architecture and music to realize ornaments correctly?
• Chapter 2 -- An Overview of the Influence of Art and Architecture on the Development of Music
• What is the interrelationship among art, architecture and music in the Baroque era?
• How have art, architecture and music in the Classical era changed from that of the Baroque era?
• How have art, architecture and music in the Romantic era changed from that of the Classical era?
• How have art, architecture and music in the Contemporary era changed from that of the Romantic era?
• Chapter 3 -- Ornamentation in the Baroque Era (1600--1750)
• Who was the most influential person on the subject of ornamentation in the Baroque era?
• Whose system for realizing Baroque ornaments is most commonly used today?
• What is the key to understanding the table of ornaments?
• What are the ornaments?
• long appoggiatura
• trill
• mordent
• trill and mordent
• ascending trill
• descending trill
• ascending trill with mordent as a termination
• descending trill with mordent as a termination
• appoggiatura and mordent
• appoggiatura and trill (table of ornaments, example 12)
• appoggiatura and trill (table of ornaments, example 13)
• turn
• other ornaments
• Does Bach give any instructions for applying the table of ornaments?
• Chapter 4 -- Ornamentation in the Classical Era (1750--1830)
• Who were the most influential persons on the subject of ornamentation in the Classical era?
• Did ornamentation in the Classical era differ from that of the Baroque era?
• How was the sign for the appoggiatura altered?
• How was the trill performed?
• What is the short appoggiatura?
• Chapter 5 -- Ornamentation in the Romantic Era (1830--1900)
• Who was the most influential person on the subject of ornamentation in the Romantic era?
• What happened as a result of Hummel’s proposals?
• How are ornaments realized in the Romantic era?
• acciaccatura
• turn
• the trill in the music of Beethoven, Chopin, Field, Schubert and Weber
• the trill in the music of Brahms, Grieg, Liszt, Mendelssohn and Schumann
• mordent
• Chapter 6 -- Ornamentation in the Contemporary Era (1900--present)
• Who is the most influential person on the subject of ornamentation in the present era?
• How are ornaments indicated?
• Chapter 7 -- A Procedure for Realizing Ornaments and Strategies for Effective Practicing
• A Procedure for Realizing an Ornament
• Steps for Practicing Ornaments
• A Teaching Strategy for Integrating a Fioritura Smoothly into a Performance
• Chapter 8 -- Adding Ornamentation to Baroque Music

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